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Almost New

Also Slider. Usage by dealer Tim Torpin, first seen written on coin envelopes of his in the late 1970s. A coin that grades not quite Uncirculated.

Annie

Slang for ANE or American Numismatic Exchange. A computerized trading network that rose to prominence following introduction of slabbing. Had an unexpected demise in 1989 due to internal discord. Similar schemes were hatched during the coin boom of 1985-9, although most either never came to fruition or, those that did, failed after the boom ended. Annie was replaced by CCE, a similar exchange. (Daily CCE sales range from $20,000 to $100,000.) Both of these dealer networks were preceded by FACTS, which traces to the roll and proof set boom of the early 1960s. Not to be confused with Little Orphan Annie, which see. [See Slab]

Applied Toning

First employed by the author when describing "artificially" toned coins for Superior Stamp and Coin (an A-Mark Company) auction. Having grown weary with this much overused expression (artificial) I bethought a better, more artful substitute. Thus was born "applied toning." Also once used, but not yet abused, "art-fully applied toning" as a play on "artificially." [See Toning]

Ask

Wholesale selling price as established by market makers, and listed in the weekly Coin Dealer Newsletter. "How much do you need to get for it?" "What's Ask?" [See Bid]

A Small, But Useful, Profit

Tongue-in-cheek term used by Richard Lobel of England in 1985. Applied when describing an outrageous--and therefore, highly rewarding--profit. Author: "How much did you make on that 1839 Una and the Lion five-pound, Richard?" Richard: "Ooo! Let me think." [Pauses] "I suppose I'll wind up with a small, but useful, profit." [Grinning broadly]

Bands

Refers to fully separated and distinct cross bands on the reverse fasces of a Mercury dime. A coin's price can more than double in value if this feature is full. Typical grade description: 1916-D Mercury. Mint State 63. Full Bands. (Larry and Ira Goldberg have instructed the author to substitute "split bands" in cataloging when a coin doesn't justify the "full" expression.) [See McDonalds Arches]

Beater

One who drives a hard bargain. Conversation heard 1/22/93 between Richard Heller and his friend Ed concerning a wristwatch sale Heller had just completed with another person: Ed. "That fellow sure tried to nickel and dime you on the one piece." Richard. "He's a beater." Ed. "Yeah, a lot of those wristwatch guys are beaters." [See Negotiation]

Bellybutton Dollar

A variety of 1884 silver dollar has a defect from the die causing a strategically placed depression on the eagle's lower abdomen.

Bid

Also Mr. Bid. Wholesale buying price as established by market makers, and listed in the weekly Coin Dealer Newsletter. [See Ask; also Singles for an example of how Bid is used in conversation]

Blazer

An Uncirculated or Proof coin having above-average luster and visual appeal. Veteran coin collector Fred Yee used to ask to see any "braziers" I had in stock. [Also, Dazzler, Flash, Godzilla, Hard White, Killer, Monster, Moose, Mother, Stone White, Wonder Coin, and a host of others]

Blue Ikes

1971 to 1978 Eisenhower Uncirculated 40%-silver dollars in original blue envelopes of issue.

Blue-white Luster

A variant of Blazer, a few silver coins exhibit inordinately striking luster that has a bluish tint.

Body Bag

First heard on the bourse floors of America circa 1994. Refers to a coin returned (rejected for grading) by one of the two major third-party- grading services, PCGS and NGC. The coin in its returned "flip" [See Flip] or Body Bag has a small sticker appended to it with a usually terse, rubber- stamped notation on it explaining why the coin could not be certified. "Environmental Damage" or "Questionable Toning" or "PVC" [See PVC]--or one of several other letdowns from the eagerly anticipated record-breaking grade--are typical reasons. The grading service keeps the grading fee. Naturally.

Booby Head

1839 large cent variety. Term used as early as the 1850s. Evidently Miss Liberty exhibits an idiot's or booby's expression on her face.

Bow-Wow

Short for Bowers and Ruddy Galleries, Inc., a large coin outfit of the seventies and eighties. Dealer Kevin Lipton apparently coined this term. "John, what's new with Bow-Wow?"

Brick

(1) A block of 4,000 Federal Reserve Notes bound together with metal straps, as shipped from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to the various Federal Reserve district banks. Rarely seen outside the "system." (2) A group of 500 American silver one-ounce Eagles sealed in a brick as received from the mint. [See Rounds]

Broken 3

Variety of 1823 half dollar. Common.

Brown Ikes

1971 to 1978 Eisenhower Proof 40%-silver dollars in brown box of issue.

Breakout

With the advent of third-party grade-certification or "slabbing" in 1986, a new technique developed of breaking a coin out of its plastic slab and resubmitting it to the same service or another grading service for a hoped-for upgrade. If the coin came back with a higher grade, its value was enhanced accordingly, often to the tune of two or three hundred percent! A coin that was a good candidate for this transformation was said to be a "Breakout" or "Crackout."

Bullet Sale

A new kid on the block, Bullet Sales are sales by auction of slabbed material. The auction house conducting the sale prepares a no-frills catalog and the sale takes place at breakneck speed. Consignors pay low commission rates. Those desirous of dumping their treasures find this a quick method for generating cash. Bullet Sales emerged shortly after the 1985-9 bull market in slabbed coins began to crash. This may have been a coincidence. They are now an integral part of the market, with Heritage (Steve Ivy) conducting the biggest events. [See Slab, Material]

California Special

An artificially enhanced coin, most commonly a Morgan silver dollar. California Specials first surfaced in the early 1970s. Coin doctors would take a slightly prooflike specimen, give it a high mirror gloss in the fields by polishing it heavily, then apply some sort of acid etch to the raised devices. This simulated a "cameo" contrast while improving the coin's desirability and, hence, its asking price. A few California Specials still turn up on occasion and will fool the majority of collectors and many inexperienced dealers. Any bagmarks on the face are frosted instead of shiny--a dead giveaway. They appear identical, regardless of the date and mintmark of the underlying coin. This is never the case in the real world since different mints produced different qualities of prooflike surface.

Carbon-free

What caffeine-free is to coffee, carbon-free is to the surface of coins. Often, carbon spots will form on the surface of silver, nickel, or copper coins, damaging them to a certain extent and lowering the value. Caused by impurities in the air and/or metallic alloy of the coin.

Cartwheel

(1) Another name for any silver dollar, (2) a term used to describe the coruscating luster often seen on a Blazer Uncirculated coin, (3) England's hefty 1797 copper twopenny coin.

Chop Marks

Found primarily on American Trade Dollars dated 1873-8 and Japanese Yen (1870-1914) that circulated in China. Chinese businessmen, ever watchful for fakes, placed their sign or "chop" on any of these trade coins that passed muster. Numerous pieces are found with multiple, sometimes scores, of chop marks on both sides.

Cincies

1936 Cincinnati commemorative half dollars.

Clear

A coin in a clear plastic PCGS holder. [See Pigs, White, Slab, Sideways]

Circle It

When a dealer buys a coin from a fellow dealer the seller usually writes the price on the envelope or holder and circles it. Circle It is a short-hand way of saying "Okay, I'll buy it." For example: "What's your best shot on the Schoolgirl?" "How's about twenty-six five?" "Has it been flogged around yet?" "No, I just put it out; you're the first one who's seen it [lie]; it's fresh." "Okay, circle it!"

Close

As in not-far. [See Slider]

Commem

Commemorative.

Copper Coins

Code name for Marijuana. [See Silver Coins]

Cowboy Dollars

European nickname for American silver dollars. At one Swedish coin show a British dealer (who must remain anonymous to protect his wife and children) brought along 1,000 circulated silver dollars, billing them as "Cowboy Dollars." Wholesale value at the time was $6 apiece; his asking price, $30. Net result: complete sellout! He phoned his assistant to hop the next plane out of London with the other two bags in stock!

CW Coin World.

Chief numismatic publication of the day, started in 1960. Subscribers as of January 1993: 68,000. [See Politically Correct]

Demon

Short for Coin Demon Newsletter. A 1990s lampoon of the Coin Dealer Newsletter. Pokes fun at the absurdities of dealers and the coin trade in general. Published by Bigbootie of Wastelands, California.

Dog

(1) A coin in a miserable state of preservation, (2) Black Dog Name given to the Cayenne Sous when introduced in the English islands in the West Indies. Pieces of base silver coin.

Done

As in cleaned, doctored, repaired. "This coin's been done. It isn't for me." (Also, "do" as in "Can I do this Barber Quarter before I buy it?"--said by one Bruce Lorich to the author, February 2, 1994.)

Dulling

Used by the author when cataloging coins, as in "minor dulling (or dullness) on the high points, otherwise vibrant, 'alive' and lustrous." Many of today's slab jobs involve atrociously overgraded coins in spite of loud trumpeting by the grading services to the contrary. Whenever wear is evident on the high points (typically hidden under the toning) I use this euphemism for "worn"--not wishing to offend the consignor, who is, let us not forget, our prime benefactor. [See Toning, Luster Breaks, Slider, Splendiferous]

Encapsulation

With the advent of slabbing in 1986, there were those who felt the word slab demeaning to the self-avowed professionalism of the trade. So was coined the handy euphemism Encapsulation to describe the plastic entombment device. (In the unsold second half of the Ed Trompeter set of United States gold proofs, the author was told to delete all references to slabs or slabbing, and instead to substitute the word encapsulated.) [See Slab, Clear, White]

Environmental Damage

In 1986, fellow dealer Bruce Lorich submitted his Uncirculated 3¢ silver to the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) for their grade evaluation. They returned it as ungradeable due to having environmental damage. It's problem? Original toning. (Naturally PCGS kept Bruce's $22 grading fee.) [See Slab, Toning]

Flash

See Blazer. "Naw, I'll pass. It hasn't got enough flash to five."

Flip

Clear plastic one-pocket or two-pocket coin holders in popular use since the 1960s. Typical flips come in 2" x 2" size, but larger ones can be had for bigger coins. "I cannot sell it to you just yet. Wait until after I've flipped it." Flips made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC)--the most common type--will, in time, leave a cloudy haze on a coin due to breakdown in the polymer, and may decrease its value.

Fingered

Dulling a coin's shiny high points by dabbing one's thumb on it in order to make it receive a higher grade from a grading service is known as fingering it. Fingering is done with the idea of disguising marks or a polished look in order to make the piece appear fresher, more "original," and thus fool the graders. First heard from Bill Conroy at Superior Stamp and Coin, 1992; probably traces back several years earlier, though not before the advent of slabbing in 1986. The author showed Mr. Conroy a PCGS Mint State 64 1907 High Relief $20 gold piece for his opinion as to whether it might get a higher grade if resubmitted. Conroy replied No, that it had been fingered (which, plainly, it hadn't, since the collector who owned it had had possession of it for more than a decade and was completely unschooled in the finer points of rare coin enhancement). [See Dulling, Environmental Damage, Fresh, Mint State, Toning]

Fresh

A numismatic item that is right out of an old-time collection, not having made the rounds of dealer inventories yet. Fresh coins are worth more because they haven't been picked over. First usage seems to be in 1987. "Got anything fresh this week?"

Full Bell Lines

Refers to the lower design lines on the Liberty Bell of the Franklin half dollar. Worth a premium if complete. "I'm not interested unless it's got four full bell lines."

Full Head

Refers to the head detail on 1916-30 U.S. standing Liberty quarter dollars, especially in Uncirculated grade. Certain dates are rarely found having a full head. [See Particularization]

Godzilla

See Blazer. Bruce Lorich mentions he first heard this term in 1980.

Grade

As in any collecting field, Grade is of prime importance when evaluating a coin. Coins can either be circulated, uncirculated (or Mint State), or Proof (specially prepared for sale to collectors). Mint State coins are dealt with under a separate heading below. Circulated coins, at the time of this writing in 1993, consisted of the following grades: Poor, Fair, About Good, Good, Very Good, Fine, Very Fine, Extremely Fine (sometimes Extra Fine), and About Uncirculated. Abbreviated they are: Poor, Fr, AG, G, VG, F, VF, EF or XF, AU. Grade is very important when determining price. Take for example an 1893 San Francisco Mint Silver Dollar. Here are the current Bids: VG $475, F $680, VF $875, EF $2200, AU $9800. It is plain to see that small advances in quality translate into sometimes very large price jumps. It is also plain to see why grading tends to have all the vagaries and cupidity of "humanity" imprinted upon it! [See Bid, Mint State, Particularization, Slider]

Gray Sheet

Also Sheet and CDN. "The Coin Dealer Newsletter," a popular wholesale pricing guide, was founded in 1963. In the late-1970s the Sheet was owned by a coin promoter and became a tool for insider speculation. In time it lost its respectability as an accurate pricing guide. After the advent of slabbing in 1986 a Blue Sheet for slabbed coins appeared. The same publisher offers a Green Sheet to paper money dealers, an Ask-based Brown Sheet, a monthly Summary, and three Quarterly Summaries. [See Slab]

Hapawalu

1883 Hawaiian pattern 12½¢ coin. In Hawaiian, Hapa = half; Walu = eight. Half of eight, or the fraction one-eighth. Only 20 of these were coined. An 1883 hapawalu in PCGS graded Proof 65 fetched $36,000 in May 1991 at a Superior Galleries sale I cataloged.

Hard White

Deep white luster or Blazer. Also Stone White; Stone White Headlight (1992).

Hits

Noticeable marks or nicks on a coin, particularly on the central effigy. (First heard in June 1985). "Forget it! It's got too many hits for sixty-five money."

Hot Lips

Variety of 1888-O silver dollar struck from doubled obverse die (a manufacturing boo-boo) that leaves Liberty with two sets of lips. Listed as VAM-4 in the Van Allen-Mallis die variety guide. 4/93 retail in Very Fine $79. [See Bellybutton Dollar]

Jackass Note

$10 United States Note issued from 1869-1928. A small eagle at center bottom appears, when held inverted, to be the head of a floppy eared jackass.

Juice

In an auction, the Juice is the buyer's commission rate--normally 10%. "What did you have to pay?" "Eleven grand plus the juice."

Key

As in key date. Usually the most important date or dates in a coin series. Collectors aspire to own them and prices are therefore kept high in relation to numbers known. Important key dates include 1909-S V.D.B. Lincoln cent, 1796 half dollar, and 1895 Morgan silver dollar. (The 1881-S Morgan dollar is not considered a key date by numismatists regardless of what promoters may claim.)

Killer

See Blazer.

Last Five Inches

Conversation overhead between two dealers at Long Beach, California coin show, February 1993: Dealer 1. Can I see that 1924 Peace Dollar in your case? Dealer 2. Here it is. Dealer 1. [examining coin up close]. Nah! Not as sharp as I expected. From a distance it looks better. See what that last five inches does?

Libs

Liberty head $10 or $20 gold pieces.

Lincoln in a Porthole

$10 United States Note issued between 1923 and 1928. Lincoln's portrait is in a circular frame.

Lines

Hairlines. Fine scratches, most often seen on Proof coins as these have deeply reflective mirror fields which get minute scratches easily. Lines are detrimental to a coin's value, moreso when they are noticeable to the naked eye. By the late-1970s, and on into the no-nonsense-grading 1980s, dealers became pathologically picky about any detracting hairlines on a coin. The grading services PCGS and NGC are extremely harsh on Mint State coins displaying any lines.

Little Princess

1841 $2.50 gold piece. It is believed that only 20 of these were minted, all Proofs. Whenever one appears for sale it is an important event. The nickname Little Princess has been used for this coin at least since the 1930s. Origin unknown.

Looks Unc.

Looks Uncirculated. [See Slider]

Luster Breaks

Small nicks or light rubbing on the high points of an otherwise mint coin. [See Slider]

McDonalds Arches

Fully rounded cross bands on the reverse fasces of a Mercury dime. Popular in Hawaii, but not on the mainland. First heard from Troy Ozama in 1982. McDonalds is a famous fast-food hamburger eatery. [See Bands]

Material

To old-time (fuddy-duddy) hobbyists like the author, coins were coins. To today's hot-shot purveyors it's "Brought any new material with you?"

Mercs

Mercury dimes.

Mint State

Also Uncirculated. A coin in the condition in which it left the mint. Never circulated. IN THE BEGINNING there was the word Uncirculated, and it was good. Then, over time, God created adjectives to modify His word. At first he proposed but two: Choice and Gem. Apostles, like Q. David Bowers, hoped to affix a third: Select. However, Select failed to adhere. Then, when God's adjectives proved inadequate, a numbering system was devised. This numbering system the Apostles borrowed from the Order of Large Cent monks. Up to 1976, Mint State numbers for Large Cents included 60, 65, and 70, with 70 meaning full mint red. These numbers were pressed into service on other coin types, then modified and augmented over time. Mint State was called 60; Choice, 65; and Gem became 70. Later, 70 transmuted into Superb Gem (a glorious new adjective). Finally, the ultimate grade of 70 evolved to mean God's Own Perfection. Intermediate numbers therein followed: 63 arose earliest, in the later-1970s; a few years on followed 64 (when 65 proved too weak to distinguish the fine quality shifts in a Mint State coin). Eventually, all eleven integers found their way into the numismatic liturgy: Mint State 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and (now rarely seen) 70. IT CAME TO PASS that other disciples hit upon the idea of adding a small 'PQ' to the number to signify Premium Quality. Still others bethought they could see thine selves reflected in the field of certain Morgan silver dollars. With this, prooflike was born. Eventually, those wanting separation from the rabble of everyday prooflike collectors enlarged the term to include 'deep mirror' prooflike as well. And so, from its lowly beginnings as a single usage, the grade Mint State--in the case of silver dollars at any rate--has come to include one of sixty-six possible permutations. Is that, or is that not, progress? [See Prooflike, Rarity, Slider]

Monster

See Blazer.

Moose

(c.1976-1980) A phenomenal quality coin. Evidently penned by "Boy Wonder" Kevin Lipton.

Nearly There

First heard from Tim Torpin in the early 1980s. Also Nearly New and New Enough. [See Slider]

Negotiating

Conversation between Doug Bird and the author on October 1, 1986 at the Long Beach coin show, with the coin at the center of the negotiation being an EF 1794 large cent. I was asking $1350 and Doug wanted to pay $1250. The final price, for obvious reasons, was $1300. Doug, at the close of the deal: "It's a stretch for me, it's a shrink for you, so we come out even."

Newp

Short for New Purchase. At a typical coin show, dealers often ask to see one's recently purchased, but un-flipped, material. "What have you got in newps?" [See Flip, Material]

Nice

See Slider. First used by Don Medcalf in the early-1970s when he wished to sell a coin as Uncirculated but knew full well that it wasn't, yet didn't want to call it About Uncirculated which would have forced a lesser price. He simply wrote Nice on the coin's holder!

Nixon Dollars

Starting in 1972 the U.S. government sold over three million silver dollars that had been held in Treasury vaults. The majority of these were mint state Carson City coins, offered at $15 each for "tarnished" specimens and $30 each for the remainder. Later on, better date pieces were sold at higher prices. All came housed in a hard plastic container in hinged black-and-blue cardboard box. Inside the cover, an inscription and facsimile autograph by then-president Richard "Tricky Dick" Nixon. Nixon Dollars refers exclusively to the Carson City, Nevada Mint pieces that are still in their original holders.

Onepapa

Own-a-pa-pa or, less often, One-pa-pa) $5 Silver Certificate issued from 1899-1923. Portrait of an Indian chief, purportedly of the Oncpapa tribe; misspelled "Onepapa."

Orphan Annie

1844 Liberty seated dime. Origin unknown, but the term has been in use since the 1930s.

Panda

Non-circulating bullion coin of the People's Republic of China (mainland China). Pandas were first issued in 1982. They feature various poses of China's familiar, and loveable, pandas on one side; usually the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing (Peiking). Sizes vary from one-tenth ounce to multiple kilo weights and come in silver, gold, platinum. A marketing bonanza. [See Rounds]

Pan-Pac

Any of the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition commemorative coins--half dollar, gold dollar, $2.50 and $50 gold octagonal and round. The $50 gold round, the rarest of the group with 483 mintage trades wholesale for $38,000 in Mint State 64 condition as of 4/93.

Papers

As in Authenticating Papers, or Grading Certificates. By the early 1980s a craze for third party opinions and certified grading swept the coin business. Uneducated speculators (oxymoron), rather than take the effort to find out just what it was they were spending their money on, demanded a crutch in the form of grading and authenticating papers. As usual, uncouth liberties were taken by the issuers of such papers. Over one dozen firms offered the service, so undoubtedly a monumental scandal is brewing. [See Slab]

Paquet Twenty

1861-S Liberty head $20 gold piece minted using Anthony Paquet's distinctive reverse die. A scarce coin.

Paramount Dollars

Paramount Coin Company sold thousands of so-called Mint State 65 silver dollars during the 1970s in 3" x 4" plastic holders having their logo and the coin's grade printed in silver on a red cardboard insert. Their loose grading caused snickers in later years.

Park

To put a coin away in storage in anticipation of a price rise. "I'm gonna Park this 1902 English proof set until I can get $4000 for it."

Particularization

A great term (and a real mouthful) borrowed from The Rare Art Traditions by Joseph Alsop. In any advanced collecting field the market participants (collectors, investors, speculators, dealers) tend to break down their field into finer and finer categories or compartments. As prices advance, as money flows into the market, the players develop ingenious ways to make ever finer distinctions in rarity, grade, or desirability, and, therefore, in value; in short, they particularize their objects. With coins this is done through a number of contrivances. For instance: (1) separating coins by dates and mints of issue; (2) going after low mintage pieces; (3) multiplying the number of grade categories; (4) isolating toning from brilliance; (5) prooflike surface from luster; (6) determining provenance or pedigree; (7) population or census numbers, as in low pop versus high pop; (8) Condition Census; (9) die varieties; (10) die states within die varieties; (11) Finest Known and tied for Finest Known; (12) rarity ratings [1 through 8]. Then we have: (13) so-called Premium Quality versus average quality; (14) split grades; (15) minor variances such as, open 3 versus closed 3, or micro- mintmark versus regular mintmark, or tall date versus medium date versus small date, or large letters versus medium letters versus small letters--and to put an end to it: (16) full strike versus average strike, with examples including full head, hair, nose, lips, horn, tail, bands, diamonds, claw(s), wreath, date, mintmark, skirt lines, bell lines, steps, toes, shield, rivets, rims, stars, clasp, denticles, centers, breast feathers, LIBERTY. And any combination of the above--the list is almost endless!

Pedigree

Misuse of the term "provenance" to describe previous ownership of a rare or significant coin. Horses and bloodhounds have pedigrees; coins have provenance. In days gone by, a pedigree carried some weight; coins bearing such possessed manna. However, beginning in the 1980s, everyone and his uncle--large cent collectors in particular--began appending lengthy so-called pedigrees to otherwise meaningless coins. Examples like the following, culled from Superior Galleries' 1991 G. Lee Kuntz auction of large cents: Lot 601. 1852. Newcomb-4. Rarity-1. Mint State 60. Ex. Abner Kreisberg M.B.S. 9/67:500--R. E. Naftzger, Jr.--Del Bland 11/76. (It's a blasted 1852 large cent, for Christ's sake!) Or how about this ditty entitled "Double Struck Sheldon- 120B Tied for Fourth Finest Known"? Tied for fourth finest? We find, after sludging through an awful, boring description that it was, more properly, "tied for fourth finest known with two or three others." The cataloger's definitive statement is followed by the usual worthless string of past owners.

Phone Book

Annual Krause publisher's World Coins catalog. The 1985 edition weighs in at 2048 pages.

Politically Correct

The catch-phrase of the nineties, political correctness or PC is exemplified by Coin World. The current editorial staff has taken perfectly good coin market slang and turned it into a mouthful of marbles. For instance: our beautiful Mercury Dime has become "winged Liberty head" dime in their reckoning, since the Roman god of traders and merchants appears nowhere on the coin. Worse than this, they have adroitly transmogrified our beloved Buffalo Nickel into an "Indian head five-cent coin" (there being no such animal as a "nickel" in America's pantheon of coinage). However, Coin World has itself made a major faux pas (them's French for "slip of the tongue"). The word Indian is no longer allowed. Second, the artist created his portrait from the likenesses of three men. Lastly, the ruminant on the reverse of the coin is, more accurately, an American bison. If the powers of political correctness gain control over our speechification, we might come across this happy scene sometime in the new century: A pink-cheeked nine-year-old lad enters his local coin-and-baseball-card establishment. After gaining the attention of the owner by farting upwind from him he asks in a sweet, soprano voice, "Hey mister! You got a 15-D Composite Native American head American bison reverse five-cent coin in Very Good you can lemme have for three bucks?"

Poly Polyethylene.

Small plastic envelopes one puts coins into to protect the surface from abrasion and grubby-fingered cretins.

Pop Population.

Once third-party grading appeared, the services rendered an additional service by releasing population (census) reports of the coins they had graded. Naturally, coin dealers soon found a new arena for enrichment: low population coins. Never mind that the total supply of a piece might be enormous. If the population in a particular grade was extremely low (say, below 5 graded), and concurrently, if the grade were acceptably high (generally, '65' and better), a delectable premium could be asked and received. As of January 1993, "low pop" coins are all the rage with telemarketers. For example: an inconsequential 1876 California fractional gold quarter dollar (octagonal format), catalog number BG-797 in the official guide, sold in raw Gem Uncirculated condition in October 1989 at the height of the 1985-9 coin boom. It fetched $176. In 1992, long after prices had crashed, one savvy telemarketer placed a nearly identical specimen--now PCGS encapsulated Mint State 65 and having a low population of 2--with a giddy investor for . . . get this . . . $12,000. Superior Coin Company was awarded the honor and privilege of auctioning said BG-797 for the now-sober consignor. It realized: $XXX in February 1993. Seen in 1/4/93 CW ad: "Pop-1 for date Pop- 4 for series." [See PCGS, Raw, Slab, Encapsulation, Clear]

Premium Quality

Often abbr. 'PQ'. Another splendiferous euphemism, Premium Quality translates into "I want a higher price for mine because I think it deserves it." Always, the emphasis is on more, never less. Everyone else's is invariably inferior. Thus, one sees an auction lot description "1899-O Morgan. PCGS graded Mint State 66. Deep Mirror Prooflike. Premium Quality" for what is under different conditions a very plain coin. [See Particularization]

Princess

U.S. $3 gold piece so-called for designer James Longacre's idealized Indian Princess portrait. (Not to be confused with Little Princess, which see.)

Prooflike

Also 'PL'. Simulating the appearance of a proof coin with its mirror field and frosted devices. Not to be confused with proof-like (hyphenated), a descriptive term used by the Canadian mint for its near-proof quality coinage sold to collectors at a premium over face value. Several versions of prooflike exist nowadays: plain-vanilla 'PL', "deep," and "deep mirror," depending upon which grading service you are using and how much imagination you incorporate. Prices rise the deeper you get. [See Particularization]

Put it on a wall

Refers to a coin shop bid board. Most bid boards are arranged along one wall of the shop, generally a pegboard-and-pin affair. "What are you going to ask for your X?" "Oh, I don't know. Think I'll put it on a wall and see if there's any action."

Puttier

One who employs a putty-like substance to hide slide marks or scratches on a (usually) Mint State or Proof gold coin. When Tonguing or Thumbing doesn't work, the coin is sent in to a professional Puttier to enhance its appearance. He applies either automobile bondo or (a later discovery) window glazing compound such as "33 Glazing" lightly to the affected area. This softens the luster; it prevents the light from reflecting back brilliantly off of any marks or hairlines into the observer's eye and so enables the owner to get a higher grade from the eagle-eyed grading services than the coin warrants. [See Tonguing, Slide Marks]

Racketeer Nickel

In 1883 our government issued new five-cent pieces lacking a CENTS denomination. The coin's reverse displayed a large V. One rascal gold plated a number of these and cleverly passed them off to unsuspecting merchants as $5 gold pieces. He would purchase a 4¢ item, hand the merchant the gold plated coin, and await his change, either 1¢ or $4.96. When exposed, he held that he never claimed the coins to be five dollar gold pieces! The government quickly added the word CENTS to the design. A similar gold plating trick cropped up in regards to England's 1887 one-shilling coin.

Rarity

Part of the particularization process in United States numismatics, there are currently two rarity schemes in use. The senior and foremost was popularized by Dr. J. Hewitt Judd (may he rest in peace) in his book United States Pattern, Experimental and Trial Pieces, more commonly referred to by its popular name, the Judd book. Judd separated rarity into eight classes: Rarity-8 (2 or 3 known); Rarity-7 (4 to 12 known); Rarity-6 (13 to 30 known); and so on. Market participants have since particularized the most highly prized rarities into High and Low, such as in High Rarity-7; some take another tack and add a plus or minus sign, as in Rarity-2+. (Thus, in a sub variety of 1793 large cent we might find this enlightening description: "1793 Wreath. Vine and bars edge. Sheldon-9b. Rarity-4+." It should be understood that rarity numbers using Judd's system derive from educated guesses, i.e., participant experience. Following the debut of slabbing came so-called grade- rarity, the second method of determining a coin's rank, and much more amenable to price manipulation. Grading services compile large pools of data. Their published census figures for each grade give a helpful, though oftentimes skewed look at the rarity of various coins in various conditions. Naturally, this latter system leaves something to be desired. It fails to include coins from competing services, or coins that have been submitted for grading more than once; worse, it ignores raw coins. And it fails to take into account the observed fact that many people dispute a coin's assigned grade. But, what the heck! [See Particularization, Pop, Raw, Slab]

Raw

A Raw coin is one that has not been graded by one of the recognized grading services, ANACS, PCGS, or NGC. First heard in January 1987 on the coin circuit, six months after the arrival of slabbing. [See Slab]

Rays Nickel

The first five-cent pieces, issued in 1866 and 1867, carried rays interspersed between the 13 stars on the reverse. Die wear led the mint to delete these rays on the remaining coins of 1867-1883.

Red Book

The Guide Book of United States Coins, issued each year since 1947, has a bright red cover and an ever-increasing cover price.

Rounds

Any of a number of (usually) one-ounce silver ingots issued by numerous private mints on round planchets. Rounds gained popularity in the late-1970s. By the eighties and nineties jillions were being sold annually. Every sort of event and personage gets commemorated on these. Forerunners to Rounds were rectangular one-ounce bars that hit collectors' fancies beginning in 1972. This earlier craze got out of hand when untold thousands of types were stamped out and sold to unwitting guppies at delightfully obscene markups. As with all such fads, this one imploded and left investors counting their losses. For a time in the mid-1980s, five-ounce rounds were all the rage. Then, in the 1990s, came government mints issuing twelve-ouncers as well as kilo rounds in such metals as gold, platinum, palladium, and, it is rumored but not verified, protactinium. In the January 18, 1993 issue of CW is reported the sale of a 5- kilogram (11-pound) gold round or Panda of China. "The coin was reported sold for $147,000" to an American buyer. (Are hundredweight rounds next? And how about plutonium?) [See Panda]

Rub

Light friction, usually noticeable on an otherwise fully Uncirculated coin. A Blazer that might fetch $10,000 drops to perhaps $1000 with Rub. This encourages profit-hungry dealers and collectors to hide the rub, to artificially enhance the coin's appearance, by either cleaning it or toning it. Others just claim the rub is a minting characteristic! Rub is also known as friction, handling, or "cabinet friction." In the true and proper sense of the word, cabinet friction describes a coin which was stored in a coin cabinet before the mass marketing of various specialty holders first became available in the 1930s. Coins housed in such cabinets tended to slide to and fro as the drawers were opened, putting wear on the highest points. In the early 1970s Bowers and Ruddy Galleries used the silly term "Brilliant Uncirculated, light rub" in their advertisements to describe such "super sliders." [See Nice, Slider]

Saints

Saint-Gaudens' $20 gold coin issued 1907-1933.

Sesqui

1926 Sesquicentennial commemorative half dollar or $2.50 gold piece.

Sideways

A fluke which arose from an arbitrage game dealers played beginning late in 1988. White Slabs were trading on teletype at 10% to 20% higher prices than their Clear sisters in allegedly identical grade. A savvy trader could go to NGC's (White's) office and, for a small but useful fee of $12, get an opinion from their graders whether his Clear coin would go Sideways and receive the same numerical grade. If he got a hoped-for "Yes" answer, he then paid NGC's regular $75 walk-through fee and received his newly graded--and now more valuable--White coin back in three hours. Inspired by others' success at this, Bruce Lorich tried it with a PCGS Matte Proof-65 Indian $5 gold piece. By making the coin go Sideways from Clear to White my good friend netted $2,000 more when he sold the coin! Insane, but true. Naturally, the process went only the one direction due to the price differential. As time went on the price difference narrowed to the point where this activity declined. [See Clear, White, Slab and Pigs]

Silver Coins

Code name for cocaine, a popular adjunct to the coin business during the boom years of the 1970s and 1980s. "Do you have any silver coins for sale?" Devotees often took to carrying about on their persons small nasal spray bottles filled with a mixture of cocaine and water. Occasionally one could spot someone spraying a toot! (For a number of years there, there was a whole lot of sniffin' going on.)

Slab

Used early in the spring of 1986 to describe the plastic holders then being issued by Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) members, and later by other Slab services such as Numismatic Guarantee Corporation (NGC) and American Numismatic Association Certification Service (ANACS), NCI (Steve Ivy), ACCUGRADE (Alan Hager), Hallmark (Bowers) and PCI. Tout sheets by PCGS claimed its holders could only be opened with a hammer blow. Slabbed, as in "Do you have any slabbed Saints?" Heard at the October 1986 Long Beach, California coin show: "Do you think this will Slab-5? Slab-4 maybe." (Slab-5 being slang for Mint State 65 grade, etc.) [See Clear, Pigs, Raw, Sideways and White] Slabbing became one of the most ingenious innovations ever dreamt up in the annals of American numismatics. (Also, Grade-certified, Certified)

Slabland

Shorthand way of referring to one of the two primary grading services, PCGS or NGC. "That's a great piece you've bought. Why not send it in to Slabland to see if it'll five." (Not to be confused with Disney corporation's theme parks, in which the seductiveness of wishing upon a star is also the chief focus.) [See Slab]

Slide Marks

In years gone by, collectors used to store their coins in nicely done-up cardboard albums. Two clear plastic slides kept the item in place and allowed one to view both sides of the coin without hindrance. However, to remove a slide when one wants to insert a new addition to the set, it is necessary to press one's thumb it in order to "push" or slide it out. This often results in the underlying coin(s) receiving one or two parallel hairlines, known in the trade as Slide Marks. Once imparted to a coin, Slide Marks are there for good, reducing the value and, in some cases, halving it. With the introduction of grading services in 1986, grading got tighter and Slide Marks took on added importance in evaluating the price. Toning helps hide the damage. [See Slab, Tonguing, Toning]

Slider

A coin having light friction on the high points. Unscrupulous dealers (oxymoron) like to purchase at About Uncirculated prices and bump up the grade when selling. By bumping up the grade to full Uncirculated, a heady profit can be reaped. Coins that are close to Uncirculated grade are sometimes referred to as Super Sliders, or Choice About Uncirculated. I have also heard the following rubbery terms used: Looks Unc., Nearly New, New Enough, Nearly There, Almost There, Virtually Uncirculated, and Nice. What a battery of winsome sounds for "slightly used!"

Slug

Any of the round or octagonal California private issue $50 gold pieces from the 1851-55 gold rush period. Term said to have been invented by miners who kept several of these heavy coins in a pouch and who, when accosted by a bully, slugged him over the head with this handy weapon!

Splendiferous

A double-barreled word. Most people view it as a snobbish, erudite proxy for "splendid." However, its more unfortunate connotation (and the one in which I always use it when cataloging) is "deceptively splendid." That is, not splendid at all but, on the contrary, ugly! The more times I employ splendiferous in a sale, the more hideous the coins are. I use it sparingly, however, reserving it for the truly awful. Quentin David Bowers, President of Bowers and Ruddy (now Bowers and Merena Galleries)--May Allah smile upon his bones!--employs the word in its positive sense, never realizing it has an ulterior meaning.

Steelies

Steel cents issued in 1943 because copper was a critical wartime metal.

Stella

Pattern 1879 and 1880 $4 gold pieces featuring a large star as their reverse motif. America's most famous researcher and pederast, Walter Breen, reports in his monumental Complete Encyclopedia of U. S. and Colonial Coins, p.511, a curious incident surrounding these rare patterns: "Though extremely popular today, and much exaggerated in rarity, Stellas in their own day provided a juicy scandal resulting in amusing newspaper copy for several years--and many laughs at the expense of the congressmen who had ordered the restrikes. The story broke that while no coin collector could obtain a Stella from the Mint Bureau at any price, looped specimens commonly adorned the bosoms of Washington's most famous madams, who owned the bordellos favored by those same congressmen. Today there are several dozen 1879 Flowing Hair Stellas with telltale traces of removal of those same loops, whose owners probably sometimes wish the coins could talk." A record of sorts was made in August 1991 when dealer Andy Lustig sold his PCGS slabbed Proof-66 1880 Coiled Hair variety Stella at a Superior Galleries auction I cataloged. Andy had paid $900,000 for it in the heat of the market eighteen months before. Superior sold it for $400,000 plus the juice. Someone, somewhere, spent the half- million-dollar difference, more than likely on high living. Win some; lose some--such are the joys of the market. "May you live in interesting times." [See Juice, Slabbed]

Steps

Referring to the steps of Monticello on the reverse of the Jefferson nickel. A mania developed in the 1970s of demanding full-step nickels; six steps are visible when the coin is immaculately struck up. Willing dealers complied by charging extortionate premiums for these. (Does the reader sense a bit of chicanery in all this: Steps, Full Head, Full Bell Lines, Full Bands, etc.?) The Full Steps mania had run its course by the mid-eighties, to replaced by other, equally clever ruses.

Susie B's or SUSAN B's

Susan B. Anthony dollar coins minted from 1979 to 1981. The public rejected these small, ugly coins and minting ceased.

Tail-Bar

A variety of 1890-CC silver dollar has a raised die line or bar from the eagle's tail to the wreath.

Talk to Me

Tell me about this coin, or shoot me your best price.

Threes

Three-dollar gold pieces.

Three-legger

Variety of 1937-D Buffalo Nickel. After one set of dies clashed together damaging themselves, the mint technician accidentally ground off the buffalo's foreleg when he tried to fix it. While easy to counterfeit, the three-legged Buffalo when genuine displays a moth-eaten appearance on hindquarters of the beast, and a thin dappled line resembling pee descending in an arc from the little thing hanging there under the belly . . .

Thrip

Three-cent piece, employed as early as the late-1800s. Possibly first used to describe our silver three-cent pieces, for when the nickel three-cent pieces arrived in 1865, these latter were called "nickels."

Tombstone Note

$10 Silver Certificates issued from 1886-1908, the portrait has a tombstone-shaped frame.

Tonguing

Sometimes, when a coin is too shiny to get the grade desired from one of the grading services, its owner will dab a bit of saliva on it to dull the shiny high points. This is known as Tonguing it. A similar procedure to impart a bit of dullness is thumbing. [See Slab]

Toning

On your wife's fine silver dinnerware this is known as tarnish. Judged from a numismatic standpoint the same form of oxidation takes on a more refined image, often enhancing a coin's value. After about 1980 the craze for attractively toned coins spurred some prehensile dealers into artificially toning their wares. These were then peddled to a naïve public (oxymoron) at grades higher than their underlying surfaces called for. Beautifully toned coins in uncommon states of keeping can command upwards of many times the price of a bright specimen if they are original. Toning also hides injuries such as Rub or Slide Marks. A variant is so-called Tab Toning, applied exclusively to commemorative silver. Most commemoratives were shipped to their original buyers in either little paper envelopes or cardboard holders in which the coin was kept in place by a paper or cardboard band or tab. After decades in this second style of holder a commemorative will achieve distinctive toning, deeper in the exposed places but nearly fully brilliant where it was protected from the air by the tab and surrounding cardboard. Such original color is referred to as Tab Toning. First heard by the author in 1992 from David Vagi at Superior Coin and Stamp, although probably predating this by many years. [See Rub, Slide Marks]

Trivia

Who was it who first brought to light the fact that the Indian's nose on a Buffalo Nickel is placed conveniently opposite the animal's butt on the reverse when the coin is flipped over?

Virtually Uncirculated

See Slider. This term was first noted in a New England Rare Coin Galleries catalog in the mid-1970s.

Walk

To attempt to sell a coin on the bourse floor. Also Flog or Whore. "Will you Walk this around for me at $2000."

Walker

Walking Liberty half dollar, issued 1916-1947. One of America's handsomest coins.

Warnicks

War Nickels. Between 1942 and 1945 a special silver/manganese alloy was used in our five-cent pieces, copper and nickel being needed for wartime purposes.

Wastelands, Cal

More a state of mind than a physical location, Bigbootie does most of his writing while visiting the Wastelands.

Watermelon

An 1880 series $100 Treasury Note had as its reverse vignette a large 100. The zeroes look invitingly like chubby watermelons. Collectors quickly noted this and coined the term Watermelon Note. (Also, Grand Watermelon for the $1000 denomination with similar zeroes.)

White

Coins graded by Numismatic Guarantee Corporation (NGC) are enclosed in a plastic case having an opaque white insert. [See Pigs, Clear, Sideways and Raw]

Whizzing

In the early 1970s, a technique was developed among dishonest dealers of burnishing their coins on a wire brush wheel. This simulated mint luster to the ignorant. Scores of such coins were foisted off on the boobs before a hue and cry ended the practice. Whizzed coins soon became impossible to sell, and the whizzers moved on to greener pastures. Perhaps they switched to artificial toning or other more lucrative games. [See Toning]

Wonder Coin

See Blazer. Kevin Lipton bandied this one and it was heard throughout the 1970s, the term being one of his favorites. Seldom heard in the 1980s or 1990s.

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