Gold certificates, colorful and vivid,
were first issued in 1863 and put into general circulation in
1882. They are among the most attractive of all currency
issues, with the reverse a brilliant golden orange, symbolic
of the gold coin they represent. In 1933, when the country
faced a severe depression and a banking crisis, the public
began to demand gold.
Runs developed on both Federal Reserve
Banks (which had been established under the Federal Reserve
Act in 1913) and commercial banks. In order to deal with this
crisis, only Federal Reserve Banks were permitted to hold
gold. In 1934, Federal Reserve Banks were required to turn
over all gold coin, bullion, and certificates to the U.S.
Treasury in return for a new type of gold certificate. These
were never put into circulation and the last ones were printed
in January 1935. In 1964, private citizens could once again
hold gold certificates issued before January 30, 1934, but
they could no longer be redeemed in gold. This changed in
1974, and private U.S. citizens could once again hold gold
legally.